Ownership
Public Service Broadcasting
Public service broadcasting is the broadcasting of television in when the company is trying to educate and inform the audience to help them than rather than seeing them as a product to sell to the advertisers. An example of this could be the BBC. The BBC are funded through the public via licenses that the public buy for them to have a TV with them. At first the BBC was the only company broadcasting content to an audience. As the company was run by the government the audience believed that this was a form of propaganda which led to these licenses being used to fund there company
Commercial Broadcasting
Commercial broadcasting is when the funding is obtained through advertising companies buying space through the programs that air on the program. This can be on a variety. The media company sells the audience to the advertising company for them to generate money from them. The advertising company then pays the media company for this space.
Corporate and Private Ownership
Corporate and Private ownership in a media company is were there are more than one owner in the media company. This is usually done through shares of the company were more than one group owns a percentage of these shares.This can be commercially broadcasted or by public service broadcasting. Company's such as the BBC are corporate and a private company would be News Corporation.
Globalisation and Media Companies
Global companies are the companies that own other company around the world. This helps with exploiting tax to get more money for the company. Company's then exploit this tax to soak up lots of profits. When having these company around the world this broadens the audience at a large scale which allows the company to make a lot of profits.
Concentration of Ownership
Concentration of ownership is when a big conglomerate owns a lot of companies. The Media company then attempts to increase there profits even more by buying smaller companies to wipe out any competition. During the golden age of cinema were the big five studios of Hollywood these company's would buy every single cinema's to avoid this competition. These company's would become very powerful as all the profit was being funneled to them. Now the equivalent of these company's are the big conglomerates of today like News corporation and Disney.
Vertical Integration
Vertical integration is the process of a company buying the ways in which they lose money. E.g. when a production company produces a film the company needs to then employ a distribution company to distribute it to an exhibition company to get the film to the cinema's. All of these individual ways get more profit than the studio that produces this. For the studio to gain this profit it must then buy the company's and the cinema's to generate the most amount of money. Again during the golden age the big five the studio's Universal, Paramount, Columbia , 20th century fox and Warner Bros became very powerful of vertical integration however during the Hollywood Anti-Trust act in 1948 paramount was forced to sell of there cinema's overall changing how Hollywood movies were produced, distributed and exhibited.
Horizontal Integration
Horizontal integration is when a parent company owns other company's in the same format as theirs to reduce the competition it has with other company's. These companies usually become big conglomerates as if their is no competition for the company all the profit goes to this company. The Warner Brothers is a perfect example of a company who bought individual companies to wipe out this competition that was taking the profit.
The Licence Fee
Funding through a license fee is when the audience must pay for a TV licence to watch any program. The BBC use this funding to fund their programs and services for you to watch. A standard colour TV license usually costs £145.50 a year.
Subscription
Subscription fee's is the funding of when the audience must pay in advance that usually reoccurs over time monthly. Services such as Sky and Netflix provide massive amounts of content for the audience by providing them with films, extra channels and TV shows.
One-off payment to own product
This is when you make one payment and you get to keep the product without paying over any time. For example when you buy a free view box or a DVD this gives the company a lot of funding if there are mass sales.
Pay-per-view
This is when you pay for a one off event that you watch at the same time as everyone else.
Sponsorship
This is when a media product is made and before it is shown to people it will show the product of the sponsor to the audience hoping that the audience will buy the product. E.g. Britain's Got Talent is sponsored by the shop Morrisons.
Advertising
This is the source of funding is through the audience as when TV programmes advertise products, they sell us to the advertiser's product increasing the chance of us buying the product.
Product Placement
This is the placement of products within a media product like a film or a TV programme to grab the attention of the audience assuming that they will buy the product that is being shown to them. In the film Wayne's World the characters within the film mock product placement buy demonstrating how it works in an amusing way.
Private Capital
Private Capital is when you ask investors to invest in an idea of a media product. Many investors will invest in a film idea if they believe it will make a profit. E.g. Megan Ellison is a famous film producer who invests in film idea's like True Grit (2010)
Crowd-funding
Crowd funding is a little bit like many investors making small donations to you because they want your film idea or TV show to do well. This type of funding is becoming more and more popular with new films being crowd funded like Veronica Mars (2014)
Development Funds
Development Funds is the funding of individual organisations that want media products to do well. Usually the only fund projects if there partners with them. E.g. the lottery and the BFI ( British Film Institute).
Commercial Broadcasting
Commercial broadcasting is when the funding is obtained through advertising companies buying space through the programs that air on the program. This can be on a variety. The media company sells the audience to the advertising company for them to generate money from them. The advertising company then pays the media company for this space.
Corporate and Private Ownership
Corporate and Private ownership in a media company is were there are more than one owner in the media company. This is usually done through shares of the company were more than one group owns a percentage of these shares.This can be commercially broadcasted or by public service broadcasting. Company's such as the BBC are corporate and a private company would be News Corporation.
Globalisation and Media Companies
Global companies are the companies that own other company around the world. This helps with exploiting tax to get more money for the company. Company's then exploit this tax to soak up lots of profits. When having these company around the world this broadens the audience at a large scale which allows the company to make a lot of profits.
Concentration of Ownership
Vertical Integration
Vertical integration is the process of a company buying the ways in which they lose money. E.g. when a production company produces a film the company needs to then employ a distribution company to distribute it to an exhibition company to get the film to the cinema's. All of these individual ways get more profit than the studio that produces this. For the studio to gain this profit it must then buy the company's and the cinema's to generate the most amount of money. Again during the golden age the big five the studio's Universal, Paramount, Columbia , 20th century fox and Warner Bros became very powerful of vertical integration however during the Hollywood Anti-Trust act in 1948 paramount was forced to sell of there cinema's overall changing how Hollywood movies were produced, distributed and exhibited.
Horizontal Integration
Horizontal integration is when a parent company owns other company's in the same format as theirs to reduce the competition it has with other company's. These companies usually become big conglomerates as if their is no competition for the company all the profit goes to this company. The Warner Brothers is a perfect example of a company who bought individual companies to wipe out this competition that was taking the profit.
Sources For Funding
The Licence Fee
Funding through a license fee is when the audience must pay for a TV licence to watch any program. The BBC use this funding to fund their programs and services for you to watch. A standard colour TV license usually costs £145.50 a year.
Subscription
Subscription fee's is the funding of when the audience must pay in advance that usually reoccurs over time monthly. Services such as Sky and Netflix provide massive amounts of content for the audience by providing them with films, extra channels and TV shows.
One-off payment to own product
This is when you make one payment and you get to keep the product without paying over any time. For example when you buy a free view box or a DVD this gives the company a lot of funding if there are mass sales.
Pay-per-view
This is when you pay for a one off event that you watch at the same time as everyone else.
Sponsorship
This is when a media product is made and before it is shown to people it will show the product of the sponsor to the audience hoping that the audience will buy the product. E.g. Britain's Got Talent is sponsored by the shop Morrisons.
Advertising
This is the source of funding is through the audience as when TV programmes advertise products, they sell us to the advertiser's product increasing the chance of us buying the product.
Product Placement
This is the placement of products within a media product like a film or a TV programme to grab the attention of the audience assuming that they will buy the product that is being shown to them. In the film Wayne's World the characters within the film mock product placement buy demonstrating how it works in an amusing way.
Private Capital is when you ask investors to invest in an idea of a media product. Many investors will invest in a film idea if they believe it will make a profit. E.g. Megan Ellison is a famous film producer who invests in film idea's like True Grit (2010)
Crowd-funding
Crowd funding is a little bit like many investors making small donations to you because they want your film idea or TV show to do well. This type of funding is becoming more and more popular with new films being crowd funded like Veronica Mars (2014)
Development Funds
Development Funds is the funding of individual organisations that want media products to do well. Usually the only fund projects if there partners with them. E.g. the lottery and the BFI ( British Film Institute).
Good work. Watch your apostrophes (use only for abbreviation and possession) and try to give an example for everything. It is then a merit.
ReplyDelete